QUICK FACTS Baclofen reduces muscle tone and spasticity. It has a delayed peak and prolonged half-life in overdose. Deep coma with absent brain stem reflexes may mimic brain death in overdose. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, there is no antidote. Baclofen controls muscle spasticity in conditions such as multiple sclerosis …
Read MoreVenlafaxine & Desvenlafaxine Overdose
QUICK FACTS Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine can cause delayed onset seizures. There is also a risk of serotonin toxicity in overdose. There are active metabolites, so symptoms can be prolonged. Benzodiazepines are the first line treatment to manage seizures. Venlafaxine (Effexor®) is a popular medication used to treat numerous conditions such …
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Super-Absorbent Polymers (SAP) Ingestion
While not particularly in vogue as abused substances, use of inhalants for euphoriant effects caused several dozen toxic cases in Missouri in the last 2 years, including 2 fatalities.
Read More Inhalant Abuse
While not particularly in vogue as abused substances, use of inhalants for euphoriant effects caused several dozen toxic cases in Missouri in the last 2 years, including 2 fatalities.
Read MoreThe QT Nomogram: Assessing Risk of Torsades de Pointes when the QT Interval is Prolonged
QUICK FACTS The QT interval predominately represents ventricular repolarization, as well as the much-shorter depolarization (QRS wave.) The primary concern regarding a prolonged QT interval is the potential risk for the rare life-threatening arrhythmia, Torsades de Pointes. The QT nomogram assesses the actual QT interval versus the heart rate from …
Read MoreIV NAC Protocol
Acetaminophen (APAP) is an OTC analgesic/antipyretic found in most medicine cabinets. It is available as a single ingredient or formulated with other OTC or prescription medications. Overdose with APAP is one of the most common poisonings in the US. The FDA-approved 21-hour, three-bag protocol for IV NAC administration is effective; however, there is substantial risk for dosing and administration errors.
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Loperamide Abuse
It may be surprising, but it’s not a myth – yes, even the over-the-counter antidiarrheal drug, loperamide (Imodium), can be abused. For someone addicted to opioids, it may appear to be a legal, inexpensive, and accessible alternative, but the effects can be dangerous, potentially causing life-threatening arrhythmia.
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Benadryl Overdose Treatment
Diphenhydramine is a ubiquitous OTC medicine found in almost everyone’s medicine cabinet. It is commonly known as Benadryl® or Banophen®. It treats allergies, itching, hives, URI symptoms, motion sickness, and insomnia. The drug comes in capsules, cough and cold preparations, and topicals. It almost meets the old-fashioned definition of a …
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The All American Garage Part 1: Toxic Alcohols & Hydrocarbons
Does anyone actually use their garage for their cars? There *may* be room for a car among the bicycles, ladders, holiday decorations, hoses, tools and equipment, birdseed, paint cans, toys, car maintenance and lawn care products. No one is pointing a finger, but some of the chemical products that are …
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Mushroom Poisoning
There are bold mushroom hunters and there are old mushroom hunters, but there are no old bold mushroom hunters. — A wise person As spring approaches, one thing we can count on: mushrooms in the yard, woods, roadsides, etc. We can also count on children’s curiosity getting the best of …
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Gastric Decontamination
“First do no harm.” Can GI Decontamination (GID) do harm? Sometimes: A child who was seen ingesting several tablets of clonidine is brought to an ED 30 minutes post ingestion. Upon arrival, the alert child is lavaged and given AC by orogastric (OG) tube. As often happens rapidly with clonidine, …
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Toxic Hazards in the All American Garage Part 2
We hope you found a new tox tidbit in Part 1 of “Toxic Hazards in the All-American Garage” about toxic alcohols and hydrocarbons, but there are still more hazards in the garage to discuss. Refresh your knowledge about lawn/garden products and caustics in this second issue. Lawn and Garden Products …
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