Lithium Orotate: Is It Helpful or Toxic?

Lithium orotate has recently drawn attention because of early research into its possible effects on brain health, including Alzheimer’s disease. But despite the buzz, it is still a supplement with limited human evidence, and it should be approached with caution. In this article, we’re discussing what lithium is, the research around it, and the instances where it could be toxic.

What is lithium?

Lithium is an element that the body uses to help maintain the central nervous system (CNS). It helps protect brain cells, promotes the growth of new nerves, balances electrolytes, and supports cardiovascular and other metabolic processes. Recent research has boosted interest in its potential to possibly help prevent certain diseases.

There are a few established medical uses for lithium. The most common is to treat bipolar depression with prescription lithium carbonate. The dose is typically quite high in these cases. Too much lithium may be harmful, so prescriptions are written in carefully monitored doses, especially in older adults and in people with kidney problems. Over-the-counter supplements are typically sold at much lower doses and contain different forms of lithium.

What is lithium orotate?

Lithium orotate is a type of salt. You can find it as an over-the-counter supplement. It is specifically being researched for potential effects on brain health, including in Alzheimer’s disease, but the science is still very preliminary. Researchers have proposed that it may more readily cross the blood-brain barrier than other types of lithium, but this has not been proven in humans. 

This recent study is what sparked interest in lithium orotate. Low doses in mice were linked to improvements in symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, including fewer amyloid-beta plaques and an increase in memory. 

What is amyloid beta?

Amyloid-beta is a type of plaque or buildup in the brain. This occurs when certain proteins are modified and aren’t cleared away properly between brain cells. The buildup causes problems like cognitive decline and memory loss— hallmarks of diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s. The study found that this buildup may be capturing the brain’s critical lithium supplies, leading to a deficiency and cognitive decline. Lithium orotate was able to avoid binding to the amyloid beta and restored memory and brain function in mice.  

It’s important to note that the research is in very early stages. What has been reported so far is promising, but it does not mean that taking any lithium supplement will cure Alzheimer’s disease. Lithium orotate is a specific type of lithium salt, which affects the body differently from other varieties. It may be toxic if taken improperly. Correct dosing and effectiveness will be clearer with clinical human trials. 

If you do wish to take lithium orotate, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider first.

Is lithium orotate safe?

Lithium orotate may be safe if taken at the right dose, but it has nearly 80 interactions to other medications, including but not limited to: 

• NSAIDS, like ibuprofen or aspirin
• Some antidepressants, including MAOI and SSRI medications  
• Certain supplements including St. John’s wort 
• Some antibiotics, like metronidazole or oxytetracycline
• Epilepsy medicines, like carbamazepine and Topiramate
• Blood-pressure medicines, like lisinopril or ramipril

What foods contain lithium?

Because lithium is a trace mineral, the amount in food depends on the soil it was grown in— a difficult piece of information to find out as a consumer. Even in sources that are known to contain lithium, the levels present in food vary. Despite this, there are a few foods that lithium typically finds its way into: 

• Leafy and bulbous vegetables, like potatoes and leafy greens
• Legumes and whole grains, like beans, oats, and lentils
• Fruits, particularly citrus fruits
• Nuts, like walnuts and cashews
• Small amounts may be present in milk, eggs, meat, tea, and coffee.

Lithium may also be present in drinking water from the tap and mineral sources.

Symptoms of Lithium Toxicity

Lithium toxicity may occur if someone has taken too much prescription lithium. This may happen if someone takes too many doses by accident or if excess lithium builds up in their system over time. Symptoms may include:

• Nausea or an upset stomach
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Tremor or shakiness
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Trouble walking or coordinating movements
• Muscle weakness
• Slurred speech

Symptoms of Lithium Deficiency

It is possible to check lithium levels with a blood test, but it’s typically not routine unless someone is taking prescription lithium. This is because trace levels in the body fluctuate based on hydration and what someone has eaten. However, there are some symptoms of a deficiency. These may include:

• Anxiety, mood swings, and irritability
• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Forgetfulness
• Brain fog

These symptoms are considered non-specific; other issues in the body may produce these same effects. That’s why it’s so important to speak with a healthcare provider in order to eliminate other possible causes.

Have questions? Call the Missouri Poison Center

Lithium is an essential trace mineral, but may be toxic in large amounts. Like any supplement with growing media interest, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider about the possible side effects before beginning to take it.

If you have questions about lithium orotate, or if someone you know accidentally took too many lithium supplements, call the Missouri Poison Center at 1-800-222-1222. We are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to take your poison-related calls. Each call is fast, free, and confidential.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms like trouble breathing or loss of consciousness, call 911 immediately.